Controller for internal-combustion engines.



C. O. PEARSON.

CONTROLLER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES,

APPHCATIO HLEE) AUG. 17. 1908. r I r 1% A? K. Patented 001 .121910.

4 5HEETSSHEET I.

f; I I WNNESSES: INVENTOR ATTORNEY C O. PEARSON.

CONTROLLER FOR INTERNAL camsusnov ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. X7, 1908. l lbfi mfifl I mma 0m. 12, 1915.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 mvsmfori l). O, PEARSON.

CONTROLLER FOR INTERNALCOIVIBUSTION ENG|NES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1?, 190a.

: 156A'3U, Patnfed 9st. 12, 1915.

4 SHEE I'S SHEET 3 WITNESSES:

449 4. MM QM wZZv C. O. PEARSON. CONTROLLER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGlNES.

n APPUCATION FILED AUG-17, 903. I w l lfifi ftgfi v Patented Get. 12,1910.

4 SHEEIS SHEET 4.

Whi l V I! M iv! WlTNESSES: g l INVENTOB s 6? @QA 49m ATTORNEY l CHARLES.0. PEARSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CONTROLLER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

atented Oct. 12, 1915.

Application filed August 17, 1908. Serial No. 448.876.

. l 1 Q3 0 My invention relates to improvements in controllers forinternal combustion engines. and its ob ect is to provide means wherebyan internal combustion engine may be started, stopped;reversed, and itsspeed and power controlled either at the engine or from a distant point.

Its object is more specifically to arrange a system of engine control inwhich fluid pressure. which may be generated by the engine itself. isused t'orthe above purpose.

Further objects and purposes of my invention will appear in thefollowing speci fication in which I will describe the construction andarrangement of certain apparatus and devices which may be used to carryout the invention, and the novel features of the invention will besetforth in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings Figure l is a side elevation of an internalcombustion engine with associated mechanisms connected together so as toillustrate myinvention. Some of the parts in this figure are shown incross-section and someare shown in more or less diagrammatic form. Fig.2 is a sectional end view. and Fig. 3 a side elevation, partly insection, of an improved clutchand brake mechanism. Fig. r is an endelevation of a fluid pressure starting dcvice which I use in carryingout the invention. 'In this lignrc certain parts are broken away to moreclearly show the construction of the device. Fig. 5 is a sectional sideelevation of the pressure pump and its connected parts. Fig. (i is asectional end elevation of the controlling valve or switch. the sectionbeing taken'on the line (P43 of Fig. 1. Fig. I is a sectional frontelevation of a portion of the controlling valve. the section being takcnon the line 77 of Fig. 8. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view. in section. ofthe controlling valve. the section being takcnon the line $-N ol'Fig. 1. side clcvatii-in, and Fig. 10 is an cud eleva- Fig. 9 is asectional.

tion of a spark-timingmechanism. The section in Fig. 5) is taken on theline S) of Fig. 10. Figs. 11. 1'. and 13 are sectional elevations of thecontrolling valve showing the parts thereof in different relativepositions for the purpose of illustrating the operation of the valve andthe parts with which it is connected.

-Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all ofthe figures.

ll) designates a base upon which certain of the parts I am about todescribe are mounted.

'20 designates an explosive or internal combustion engine of anypreferred form or construction. In this particular case it is shown'as atonr-c vlinder two-cycle engine. of which 21 is the intake or supplypipe and 22 the outlet or exhaust pipe. The exhaust. after passingthrough a mutller 23. may be led off by a pipe :24 to a stack orchimney, or some other desired place.

is a' gasolene tank which is connected with the carbureter fili. and thelatter is connected through a throttle or regulating valve 27 with theengine intake 21.

2b is a lever arranged to adjust the position of the throttle valve 27.

25 designates the sparking plugs of the engine.

30 designates an electric battery. One of its leads 31 is connected withthe primary of an induction coil 32. Its otherlead 33' is connected witha contact blade 34 upon the handle 143 of the controlling valve.

35, 35 are contact plates insulated from but mounted upon'the face ofthe control-- ling valve and with which this blade coacts to close thebattery ('ll'cllii' through the primary winding of the induction coilwhenever the controlling valve handle is moved to one side or the other.The contact plates 35. 35 are for this purpose connected to gcther andto the induction coil. 32 by conductor 36. One of the leads 37 of thesecondary winding of the induction coil is grounded to the engine andits other lead 38 is connected with the spark-control mechan'ism ortuner 40.

3 are the leads from the timer to the spark plugs 20.

In Figs. 9 and 10 the spark-control mechanism or tilner it is shown. Inthese figarcs 41 is the shaft of motor 20. To the end of this shaft acam 42 is aflixed. A plurality supply tank 60.

of rollers 43, corresponding with the number of cylinders of the engine,bear upon the surface of the cam and are arrangedto be moved thereby.Each of these rollers is mounted upon the end of an arm such as 44, theother end of which is affixed to'a metallic housing 45 and which isarranged tobe moved into'contact with an insulated contact pin -l6 bythe cam 42. Each of these contact pins is connected with one of thespark plugs'29 of the engine by means of one of the conductors 39. Thehousingitself is rotatable a certain limited amount'about the axis ofshaft 41 for the purpose of advancing or retarding the time of the sparkin relation to the piston movement of the engine. 'An arm 47 projectingfrom one side of the housing has an adjusting rod 48 piv-- otallyconnected wig p it at 49.

The pressure pump is designated by 50 and is shown somewhat in detail inFig. 5. A pair of eccentrics 51, 51 are affixed to the motor shaft andarranged to reciprocally drive pistons 52, 52 within cylinders 53, 53.

. 54 is an inlet chamber from which ports 55, lead into the cylinders Inthese ports are check-valves a-rranged to prevent airor other fluid frompassing out of the cylinder through them. i 56, 56 are outlet chambersconnected with the cylinders by ports 57, 57 in which are check valvesarranged to prevent air or other'fluid from passing into the cylindersthrough them. 58 is a pipe which leads from the pressure pump to apressure The pressure regulator which is shown in the drawings comprisesa cylinder 61,, one. end of which is closed and connected with the tank60 by pipe 62. A piston 63 within the cylinder is arranged to be movedbythe nected by a bell-crank lever 66 with a valy g...

rod- 67. When thefiuid pressure is lower than required this valve-- rodcloses a passage 68 between the lower portions of the pressure pumpcylinders 53, .53, but when the pressure has reached the desired amount,the regulator piston 63 will be pushed forward thereby and, through theconnections above pointed out, will raise the Valve/rod until a portionof it, 68, which is cut away for this purpose is in line'with thepassage 68. It may be seen that this movement opens the passage 68 sothat the fluid driven out of cylinders 53, through the downward movementof its piston, will fill the other cylinder while its piston is movingupward, which occurs at the same time, so that no pressure will beapplied to the pressure tank until the pressure therein drops and thevalve rod 67 is moved down again. 69 designates a supply pipe from thepressure tank to the other parts of the apparatus. The arrangement abovedescribed for opening the shown in Figs. 1 and- 4- is a reversible fluidpressure turbine. 71 is its casing; 72 its shaft upon which is atliXed apinion 73. '74 is a gear keyed or otherwise attached to the engine shaft41'and in mesh with the pinion 73. 75 designates a plurality of impactblades mounted upon the periphery of a wheel 76 which is aliixed to theshaft 72. 77 is a-pressure pipe through which fluid is arranged to flowagainst the blades 75 to impart rotations to the wheel 76. and totheshaft 72 in the direction indicated by the arrow on the left of'Fig.4. 7 8 designates another set of impact blades ailixed about theperiphery of another portion of the wheel 76 or a similar wheel mountedupon shaft 72. These blades are set in the opposite direction and arearranged to drive the shaft 72 in the opposite direction or thatindicated by the arrow on the right of Fig. 4 when fluid pressure isadmitted through a supply pipe 79. From Fig. 1 it may be seen that thesupply pipes 77 and 79 may, if desired, be divided so that each of themmay supply more than one port to the impact blades. It is evident thatany movement imparted to the shaft 7 2 will be transmitted to the engineor motor shaft 41 but at a reduced rate of speed. through the pinion 73and the gear 7 It may be seen thatthe'wheel 76, through its connectionwith the engine shaft, forms a balancewheel for the engine and acts assuch while 'the'engineis running. v I

In Figs. 1, 2-and 3 a. fluid pressure con- .LQlled brake and clutchdevice which may be used in carrying out the invention is illustrated.This comprises a circular hous i'ng 80 rotatably I mounted upon a powershaft 81 which is in'alinement with the engine shaft 41. These shaftsmay be maintained in alinement with each other by havwhich extends toand partially surrounds the teeth of gear 83. This projecting portionand the gear-s82 and 83 divide the interior of the housing into twochambers.

These chambers are inclosed and are filled or partially filled with oilor other fluid 85. 86 is a passage between the two chambers formed asabove described and this passage collar longitudinally upon the shaft-11 and v to therehy control the position. of the pi ton valve HT. Theoperation of this device is as follows: \Vhen the shaft 41 is rotatedthe gears and 82 will he driven. It th passage 80 is open this rotationof the gears 'ets on the hase 10 at 02.

- eccentric 101 upon shaft 41.

will cause the oil to he driven through. the gears and through thepassage 80' and will have no eli'ect upon the housing. hut it the.passage 30 is closed the oil cannot circulate so that the gears whichare oil tight will he locked together hy the oil and will cause thehousing to rotate with the shaft 41. This eti'ect will take placegradually so that the driven mechanism will he smoothly accelerated upto a speed approxinnitcly equal to that of theengine.

00. 00 designates apaiuo't ln'alv'e-shoes hearing upon the outersurface, 01" housing 80. These are supported upon hrake levers 01 whichare pivoted to stationary hrack- Their upper ends are comm-ted hy levers0 03 which are pivoted to the hrake levers and to a piston rod 9-1. Thispiston rod is atlirved to a piston 95 within a cylinder 00. spring 97pushes the piston and its connected parts upward to apply thehrake-shoes. A pipe 8 is arranged to admit fluid pressure to the upperend of the cylinder to push the piston downward againstthe spring 07 torelease the brakeslioes. This hrake will hold the shaft 81 when thelatter is disconnected from the engine.

100 is a water supply pump for the cooling jacket of the engine It isdriven hy an 102 is a. water tank which is connected with the pump by apipe 103 pipe 10-1 leads from the pump to the water jacket of theengine. and a pipe 105 leads from the water jacket hack to the tank 102.

110 is a centrifugal speed governor mounted upon hrackct 111 on the sideof the engine and driven through hevel gears 112 t'roln,

the engine shaft 41.

113 is a hell-crank lever pivoted at 11-4 to the bracket 111. The lowerend 01 this hellcrank lever is connected hy a link 115 to the lower endof a vertically disposed lever 110,- the upper end otwvhich is connectedat 117 with the vertical arm of a hell-crank lever lt is also connectedat an intermediate 120. point hy a link 118 with lever 81) 111')designates a rod connecting leven89' with the arm 28 which is connectedwith and controls the throttle valve 27.

The hell-crank lever 1:20 which is pivoted at 121 forms a part of a go\'crning device. A spring is arranged to raise the horichamher iremherthe casing is open to form a cham-' zontal arm of the hell-crank leverup against an adjustahle stop 123.

1:24, 125 and .120 are governing cylinders similar in construction tothe hrake controlling cylinder no.

127. 12.8 and 125) are fluid pressure pipes each communicating with theupper end of one of these governing cylinders. The pist ns within thegoverning c vlindersare connected hy piston rods 1'34. 125 and 120 withthe horizontal arm of hells-rank lever 120 and arranged to push thelatter down against the action of spring 122 a greater or lesser degree.according to which oi the pistons is actuated, and also whethwone ormore of them is actuated. I

The upper end of the spark adjusting rod 48 is pivotally connected withan arm 130 which is pivoted at 131 andwhich is normally maintained inhorizontal position by means of a spring 1332 and a pair of centeringfingers 13:1. 1323.

13+ is a cylinder inclosing a piston 135,

'the rod of which is connected with the pivoted arm 130 at one side ofthe pivot 131.

1 50 is the pressure supplv pipe to cylinthe engine is attected. Thisvalve comprises. -a casing 1+1 by means of which a rotary valve memher 1:2 and a piston valve 150 are inclosed. 113 is a handle by means ofwhich these valves are moved. 'In describing the construction of thevalve 140 1' will point out its connection with the other parts of theapparatus and describe the operation of the control system. The rotarymemher H2 is so constructed that near the forward portion it has twoannularly disposed chamhers designated in the drawings hy 114 and 1-15.llack of these chambers and in alinemeut with the pressure supply pipe00 is another Ht. Back of the rotary valve her HT which communimteswitlra cyliu drical portion 151. These parts are. open to the airthrough a port 15:2. The cylindricalportion o't'the casing holds theslidahlc piston valve 150. 1-18 designates a passage in the rotary valvememher hetwcen the chanrhers 1H and .1113, and1-t9 designates asimilarpassage hetween the cham- .hers H5 and 1 17. The slidahle pistonvalve is connected with the rotary valve meniher :hy a connecting rod153- so that it slides in or out whenever the rotary valve memher isturned in one direction or the other. 'hen the valve handle is in itscentral position all of the pipes which are connected with the valve areopen to discharge through the which through chamber 1&6 and passage148has.

.98 and 161 portd152, with the exception, of course, of

the pressure pipe (39. The pressure supply p1 pe 69. is connectedwith'the upper part of the valve casing which contains the rotary valvemember opposite the chamber 1 :6, and at 153 to the cylindrical memberof the casing which contains the piston valve. The

other pipe connections which have been herein pointed out are connectedwith the valve casing 1.40 at the various points indicated'in thedrawings. When the handle 143 is in central position the apparatus is atrcshand the parts of the valve are in the positions as shown in Figs. 1and 11 of the drawings. 'lne air supply is cut ofl from the variousleads and pipes because that part communicates with chamber 1 H nooutlet. The port 153 is at the same time closed by the piston 150. Now,if an opera tor'turns the handle over to the' left as far as it will go,the parts of the valve will assume the positions in which they areshownin Fig. 13. Now, the fluid pressure supply entering through chamber 146,passage 148 and chamber 144, will pass through the pipes 160 and 98 tothe brake cylinder 96. The brake; will be released thereby. fluidpressure will also pass through the pipe 79", port 15 1 in piston valve150, and

the pipe 79 to the fluid pressure starting de-- vice which is connectedwith the engine in the manner previously described. This will rotate theengine in one direction. The actuation of the engine will cause it todraw in ach-arge of explosive mixture through the carbureter 26 and thespark ignition device previously described will. at the required timeignite the charge and cause it todrive the engine. This will be repeateduntil, the engine is running under, its own power.

The piston valves 162 and 163 are inter posed in the pipes 160 and 161,respectively,

and arranged to be actuated by a pin 164 which is connected to move withthe operating handle of the valve and which engages with a forkedbracket 165 to slide these piston valves over to one side or the other.When the handle 143 has been moved to the left as above described, thevalve 163 will be,

moved to close the passage between the pipes When the valve has beenthrown over to the position shown in Fig. 13 the pressure supply willalso be connected through pipe 136 with cylinder 1.34

' which, through its mechanical connections,

will shift the spark'timer to advance the spark and thereby increase thespeed'of the engine. Connections will at the same time be madethropgh'port 155 with the pipes 127,;1128 andflglfillfjand through themwith;

their respective governing cylinders 126i,-

125 and 126. These, through their mechanical connections, will actuatethe clutch wlthln housing SQ'and will open the throttle The valve 27. Itmay be seen that the centrifugal governormechan-ism is associated withthe connections with the clutch, and with its throttle valve so that itcontrols and gov erns the operation of both of these parts It is soarranged that whenever the engine attains undue speed, the pistonva1ve'87- of the clutch will be partly opened to allow slippage of theclutchand the throttle valve will be partly closed to slow down theengine.

-lVl1en the engine has attained its normal speed the operator may movethe handle 143 back until the parts are in the positions shown in .Fig.12, when the port 154 is moved out of linewith the pipes 7 9 and 79 sothat the pressure supply is shut off from the starting device, afterwhich the engine will run under its own power until stopped by theoperator. This may be done by re when the contact pl ate' 34, which hasbeen .i

turning the handle 143 to its central position moved onto contact plate,35 by the previ ously described operation, will be removed therefrom.by this movement of handle 143 and will thereby disconnect battery 30from the sparkin' mechanism; at the same time the brake will be appliedand the clutch res leased. 'Of course the controlling valve may bemovedto intermediate positions to energize one or more of the governingcylinders which will alter the amount of opening of the clutch valve andof the throttle valve so that the speed of the driven shaft 81 may becontrolled thereby. If it is desiredto start the engine in the oppositedirect on,

tions similar to those above described will take place, but the startingdevice will be' energized through the pipes 77 and 77 and rection.

160. I the handle 143 of the controlling valve may I be turned to theright, in-w-liich case operai i 10a the engine will be driven in theopposite di- I If Internal combustion engines depend upon "a fluidsupply and means for igniting, the

supply. Their running can "be primarily.

.110" controlled only by regulating this supply or I v changing the timeof igniting the charge relative to its revolutions. The ener which isused to control the engine may e generated by the engineitself. It maybe used .to assist the engine in driving its load Whenever its loadbecomes excessive, as-well -j as to control the starting and'stoppingofthe engine and its driven shaft. But more 1 than this, the energy isused to regulateithe' vital elements of the engine which produ ce itsmotive power, so that its explosive tions, and stopping it. If We actionof such iso an engine is to be controlled from a dis tance. it isimportant that all of the above functions should be under full controlof an operator. In my -ini1.iro\'ed devices I have shown suitable meansfo accomplishing this auxiliary devices. These devices are so arrangedthat an unskilled operator may, by

the simple manipulation of a lever, fully controlv the action of theengine. This provides a simple system by means of which an internalcombustion engine, such, for exam ple, as a gasoleneengine, may bereadily controlled from any convenient point, and as this has hithertobeen ditlicult or almost impossible, the invention should be given abroad interpretation, and the claims which are appended are intended tocover other arrangements and means for producing this result than thosewhich I have herein described as a specific illustration of one mannerin which my invention may be carried into effect. The usefulness of thisnvention is unlimited as it removes the most objectionable features ofengines of this type which are otherwise eflicient and desirable.

lV'hat I claim is: Y

1. An internal combiistion engine, a pres-' sure pump arranged to bedriven thereby, a starting device for the engine, a throttle valve and aspark mechanism for controlling the speed of the engine, andmanual'ineans for directing the pressure generated by said pump andcausing said pressure to actuate the starting device, the throttle valveand to control the spark mechanism.

72. An internal combustion engine, a centrifugal governor andintermediate mechanical connections between the engine and the governorarranged to automaticallycontrol the speed of the engine, and a manuallycontrolled fluid pressure actuator arranged to shift the relativepositions of said connections step by step to thereby modify the effectof the governor and to cause the engine to run at a desired rate ofspeed.

3. An internal combustion engine, a start-- ing device therefor, meansdriven by the enginefor obtaining a fluid pressure supply,

the engine. and a valve; and connections between the pump, the valve,the starting device. and the governor whereby the pressure may bedirected from a lmint'removed from the engine to cause said pressure toactuate the starting device and to modify the effect of the centrifugalgovernor.

A internal combustion engine, a pressure pump arranged to be driventhereby, a starting device for the engine, a speed controlling mechanismcomprising a centrifugal governor. a manually operated valve, andconnections between the pump, the valve, the starting device, and thespeed controlling mechanism whereby the pressure may be di rected tocause said pressure to actuate the starting device and to modify theeffect of the centrifugal governor.

(3. A reversible internal combustion engine, a pressure pump arranged tobe driven thereby, a reversible starting device for the engine, a speedcontrolling mechanism comprising a centrifugal governor and a throttlevalve, intermediate connecting mechanism between the centrifugalgovernor and the throttle valve, a manually operated valve, andconnections between the pump, the valve, the starting device, and thespeed controlling mechanism. whereby the pressure may be directed tocause'said pressure to actuate the starting device to start the enginein either direction, and to shift the connecting mechanism to modify theeffect of the 7. An internal combustion engine, a starting devicetherefor, means driven by the engine for generating a fluid pressuresupply,

a power transmission shaft, a clutch for connecting said shaft with theengine, andmanually operated means for actuating the starting device andthe clutch by means of said pressure actuator arranged to control thespeed thereof, a power transmission device, a clutch arranged to connectsaid device with the engine, a brake arranged to connect said devicewith the engine, a brake forthe transmission device, said'clutch andbrake being arranged to control the speed of the transmission device,and manual means for controlling said actuator, the clutch, and thebrake from a point removed from the engine.

10. An internal combustion engine, means for controlling the engine. apower transmission device, a clutch, and a brake for said device, andfluid pressure means for together actuating the engine controlling meansand clutch, and releasing the brake.

11. An internal combustion engine, a'

starting device therefor, independent means driven by the engine forgenerating a fluid pressure supply, a power t 'ansmission shaft, aclutch and an independently operated brake for said shaft, and manuallycontrolled means for actuating the starting device and the clutch, andreleasing the brake by means of said fluid pressure.

12. An internal combustion engine, a starting device therefor, apressure pump driven by the engine, a speed controlling mechanism, apower transmitting shaft, a

clutch and brake for said shaft, and manual means for directing thepressure generated by the pump and causing said pressure to actuate thestarting device, the speed controlling mechanism and the clutch, and torelease the brake.

the effect of the centrifugalgovernor, to

actuate the fluid clutch, brake. I

14, An internal combustion engine, a pressure pump arranged to be driventhereby, a'starting device for starting theengine in either direction, athrottle valve and a spark mechanism for controlling the speed of theengine, a power transmission shaft, a

and 'to release the clutch and a brake for said shaft, a manuallyoperated valve. and connections between the pump, the valve. thestarting device the throttle valve and spark mechanism, and the clutch,whereby the pressure may be directed to cause said pressure to actuatethe starting control-ling mechanism whereby the pressure may be directedto actuate the turbine and the speedcontrolling mechanism.

16. An internal combustion engine, a fluid pressure turbine arranged tostart the engine in'either direction, an independent pressure pumpdriven by the engine, a pressure supply tank connected with the pump, afluid pressure actuator for controlling the speed of the engine, asinglemanually operated-valve, and connections between the pressure tank, thevalve, the turbine, and said actuator, whereby the pressure from saidtank may be directed to cause said pressure to actuate the turbine andthe speed controlling actuator.

17. An internal combustion engine, a fluid pressure turbine arranged tostart the engine in either direction, a pressure pump driven by theengine, a pressure supply tank connected with the pump, a speedcontrolling mechanism for the engine comprising a centrifugal governorand a fluid pressureactuator for modifying the effect of the governor, amanually operated valve, and

' connections between the pressure tank, the valve, the turbine and saidactuator whereby the pressure from said supply tank diray be directed tocause said pressure to actuate the turbine and the actuator. H

18. An internal combustion engine, a fluid pressure turbine ar anged tostart the engine-1n either direction, a pressure pump driven by theengine, a pressure supply tank conneeted'with the pump, a speedcontrolling mechanism for the engine comprising a centrifugal governorand a Hard pressure "actuator, said actuator having a plurality ofcylinders arranged to modify the effect of the governor step by step, amanually operated valve, and connections between the pressure tank, thevalve, the turbine and saidactuator cylinders whereby the pressure fromsaid supply'tank may be directed to cause said pressure to actuate theturbine and the fluid pressure actuator to cause th engine torun at adesired speed.

19. An internal combustion engine comprising a sparking device, a fluidpressure starting device for the engine, means driven dcvice,thethrottle valve, the throttle valve and spark mechanism, and the clutch,and

to release the brake from a point removed operated valve, 'andconnmztions betveen the pump, tne vah e, o e turbine, and the speedmechanism.

by the engine for generating a fluid pressure supply, mechanism forshifting the sparking device, a pressure cylinder connected with saidshifting mechanism, and manually operated means for directin'gthepressure and causing thegpressure to actuate the starting device and thesparking device shifting 20. 'An internal combustion engine comprising asparking device, a .fluid pressure device for starting the engine ineither direction, a pressure pump driven by the engine, mechanism forshifting the sparking device, a pressure. cylinder. connected saiftiesvaetrlraeie ium ernoarranged to automatically control the andmanual means speed of the engine. a fluid pressure actuator comprising aplurality of cylinders arranged to modit'y the ettect ol" the governor,

tor directing the pressure and causing said pressure to actuate thestarting device. and to energ' e the cylindcrs ol' the sparking deviceshitting mechanism and ot the fluid pressure actuator.

all. An internal combustion engine. means driven by the engine forgenerating a fluid pressure supply. a sparking device to;- the engine.an electrical supply for said. device, and a single manually operateddevice for o ronjuneliielv controlling the fluid pressure supply and theelectrical supply for stopping the engine. or starting the engine inboth directions.

:12. .'\n internal combustion engine. means driven by the engine Forgenerating a fluid pressure supply. a fluid pressuremotor positivelyconnected with the engine. a sparking de\ice tor the engine, anelectrical supply l'or said device: and manual means t'orconneciiug anddisconnecting the fluid pressure with and l'rom the motor. andconjunctively connwting and discminectingthe electrical supply uith and'trom the sparking device lor starting and stopping the engine.

22 An internal combustion engine. a pressure pump driven thereby andarranged to generate a fluid pressure supply. a fluid pressure controlsystem for the. engine comprising Sll'llll) and exhaust pipes for saidfluid pressure supply, and a single. manually operated valve forcontrolling the connections ot' said pipes, said control system hein iarranged to cause the pressure supplied by" said pump to start theengine in either direction and to control the speed thereof.

An internal combustion engine. a pressure pump connected therewith. afluidpressure motor cmmected with the engine. a sparking device for theengine. a speed controlling mechanism con'iprising a centrifugalgovernor. a throttle. valve. and a shifting mechanism tor the sparkingdevice; intermediate comiections between the governor and the throttlevalve. a manually operated valve at a point removed from the engine,

and connections between the pump. the valve, the. motor. the throttlevalve connec tions and the spark-shitting mechanism ivlwreby thepressure. generated by the pump may he directed to cause. said pressureto actuate the motor. to actuate the throttle valve connections. and toactuate the spark-shifting mechanis n.

27. An internal combustion engine, a pressure pump connmted therewith, areversible fluid pressure motor connected with the engine. a sparkingdevice for the engine. an electrical supply for said devi'ce.a speedcontrolling mechanism comprising a centrifugal governor, a throttlevalve, and a shiftgme for generating ing mechanism tor the sparking device, intermediate connections between the governor and the throttlevalve, a manually operated valve at a point removed from the engine,connections between the pump, the valve, the motor, the throttle valveconnections and the spark-shifting mechanism whereby the pressuregenerated by the pump may be directed to cause said pressure to actuatethe motor, to actuate the throttle valve connections. and to actuate thesparking device shifting mechanism in either direction, to therebycontrol the speed of the engine; and a switch associated with themanually-operated valve for controlling the electrical supply to thespark mechanism.

26. An internal combustion engine, a pressure pump connected therewith,a re vcrsible fluid pressure motor connected with the engine. a sparkingdevice for the engine. a speed controlling mechanism comprising acentrifugal governor, a throttle valve. and a shifting mechanism for thesparking device, intermediate connections between the governor and thethrottle valve; a power transmission shaft, a clutch arranged to connectsaid shaft with the engine, a brake tor the transmission shaft, saidclutch and brake being arranged to control the speed of thetl'illlSl'tllSSlOll shaft; a main ually operated valve, and connections.be-

tween the pump, the valve, the motor, the

clutch. the brake, the throttle valve connections and the spark-shiftingmechanism whereby the pressure generated by the pump may be directed tocause said pressure to actuate the motor. the clutch, and the brake, andto actuate the throttle valve connections and the spark-shiftingmechanism.

27. An internal combustion engine comprising a sparking device. areversible fluid pressure motorpositively connected with the engine. apressure pump driven by the ena fluid pressure supply, an electricalsupply for the sparking device, mechanism for shifting the sparkingdevice, a speed controlling mechanism for the engine comprising acentrifugal governor and a tluid pressure actuator. said actuator havinga' plurality of cylinders arranged to modify the eflect of the governorstep by step. a throttle valve. intermediate connections between thegovernor and the throttle valve. and. a shifting sparking device; apower transmission shatt. a clutch arranged to connect said shaft withthe engine. a brake for the transmission shaft. said clutch and brakebeing arranged to control the speed of the transmission shaft; amanually operated valve at a point removed from the engine. and connections between the pump. the valve, the motor. the throttle valveconnections. the spark-shitting mechanism, and the clutch and brake,whereby the pressure generated therefor, a single manually operatedcon-' .15'

engine in either direction, to actuate the throttle valve connectionsand the sparking device shifting mechanism in either direction tothereby control the speed of the engine, and to actuate theclutch andthe brake for the transmission shaft; and a SWliZCll asi sociated withthe manually operated valve for controlling the electrical supply forthe spark mechanism.

'28. An internal combustion engine, a starting device and controllingdevices trolling valve at a point removed from the engine, andintermediate pilot mechanisms connected Withsaid starting andcontrolling devices whereby the engine may be started,

' troller therefor comprising a manually opi i stopped and its actioncontrolled from said single controlling valve,

' 29. An internal combustion engine, a conerated controlling valve at apoint removed from the engine, a plurality of intermediate fluidpressure pilot mechanisms arranged to control the action of the engine,fluid pressure means controlled by said controlling valve for actuatingsaid mechanisms inone direction, and mechanical means for actuating saidmechanisms in the opposite 'direction.

30. .An internal combustion engine, a con- H troller therefor:comprising a manually opan ignition apparatus, intermediate pilotEm'echanism's arranged to control said throterated controlling valve ata point removed from the engine, a throttle valve and He valve'andignition apparatus, fluid pressure means controlled by said controllingvalve for actuating the pilot mechanisms, the throttle valve and theignition apparatus in one direction, and mechanical means termediatepilot mechanism parts in the opposite dinieans controlled by saidcontrolling valve itfiqr actuating'said mechanism and the throtevalve inone direction, and mechanical meansfor actuating site direction.

32. An inte'rnal'combustion engine, a controller therefor comprising amanually operated controlling valve, an ignition appae ratus, a throttlevalve, intermediate pilot said parts in the oppomechanism comprisingmeans wher'eby'the throttle valve maybe moved from closed to openpositionin a plurality of steps, fluid pressure means controlled by saidcontrolling valve for'actuating said mechanism. the

" intense h throttle valve ,.,and ignifion ap ru tratus, a

spring, andmcchanical means for bringing comprising a manually pperatedcontrolling valve, an intermediate pilot mechanism for moving the brake,fluid pressure means 'controlled by-said controlling valve foractuati'ng said mechanism to release the brake,

and mechanical meansv for actuating said mechanism in the oppositedirection.

3%. An internal combustion engine, an ignition apparatus therefor, acircuit for said apparatus, manually operated means for closing andopening said circuit, fluid pressure means for moving said apparatus ineither direction from its central position from the same manuallyoperated means, and a spring for returning the ignition apparatus to itscentral'position before-sa d circuitis opened.

35. An internal combustion engine, a fuel supply therefor, an ignitionapparatus for the engine, a circuit for-said apparatus, manuallyoperated means for closing said circuit, fluid pressure means foradvancing said apparatus and-regulating the fuel supply to increase thespeed of the engine, said fluid pressure means being controlled from thesame manually operated means.

' 36. An internal, combustion engine, a fuel supply therefor, anignition apparatus for the engine, a circuit for said apparatus,manually aerated means for closing and opening sa circuit, fluidpressure means for moving said apparatus in either direc tion from itscentral position, and for inthe fuel supply when the manually operatedmeans is actuated to open the circuit to stop the engine.

supply therefona fluid pressure supply, con- ,110 37. An internalcombustion engine, a fuel duits therefor, a fluid pressure startingdevice for the engine, amechanism arranged to be driven thereby, a brakefor said mecha nism, an ignition apparatus for the engine, a circuit forsaid apparatus, a throttle device for controllingthe. fuel supply to theI engine, a centrifugal governor connected v device arranged to closesaid circuit and c'ontherewith, a manually operated controlling nectedwith said conduits whereby the fluid pressure supplymaybe directed tostart the engine, to release the brake, to advance the ignitionapparatus,- and to open the throttle valve toincreasethespeed of theengine,

. internal combustion en'gine;, a fuel ply herefor: a fluid pressuresupplygcon- I I vice for the engine, a mechanism arranged to be driventhereby, a brake for said mechanism, an'ignition apparatus for theengine, acircuit for said apparatus, a throttle device for controllingthe 'fuel" supply to the engine, a centrifugal governor connectedtherewith, a manually operated controlling device arranged to close saidcircuit and connected with said conduits,'whereby the fluid pressuresupply may be directed to startthe engine, to release the brake, toadvance the ignition apparatus, and to open the throttle valve toincrease the speed of the engine; mechanical means for applyingthebrake, closing the throttle valve and retarding the ignitionapparatus, said mechanical means being brought into action upon themanually operated controlling device being actuated to open the ignitionapparatus circuit to stop the engine.

' 39. An internal combustion engine, a fuel supply therefor, acentrifugal governor ar ranged to control said supply, an ignition.

apparatus for the engine, a circuit therefor, a manually operatedcircuit-closer, and fluid pressure means controlled by saidcircuitcloser and arranged to shift the mechanical connections of saidgovernor to thereby cause the effect of said governor upon the fuelsupply to be modified at will.

40. An internal combustion engine, a fluid pressure control systemtherefor, a manually operated controlling device at a point removed fromthe engine, a mechanism arranged to'be driven by the engine, a braketherefor, means combined with said engine control system whereby thebrake may be conjunctively controlled with the engine from said manuallyoperated controlling device to release the brake when the engine isstarted and to apply the brake to hold said mechanism independently ofthe engine when the engine is stopped.

ll. An internal combustion engine, fluid pressure means for-controllingsaid engine, mechanism arranged to be driven by the engine, a couplingbetween the engine and the meclmnisnnsaid coupling comprising a fluidpower transmission device, and meansactuated by the engine controllerfor causing said fluid to be stored gradually under pressure within thecoupling and to accelerate the driven member up to practically the speedof the engine.

42. An internal combustion engine, afluld pressure control systemtherefor comprising means for starting the engine in either direction,mechanism arranged to be driven by the engine, a coupling between theengine and the mechanism, said coupling comprising a fluid powertransmission device,

means actuated by the engine controller for causing said fluid to bestored gradually under pressure within the coupling and to" acceleratethe driven member up to pra'ok tically the speed of the engine in eitherdi the engine control system and said coupling. 43. An internalcombustion engine, mechanism arranged to "be driven thereby, a fluidpressure actuator for controlling the speed rection. and manual meansfor controlling I of the engine step by step, a fluid coupling devicebetween the engine and said mechanism, a manually operated device vforcontrolling said actuator and-said coupling device, and a centrifugalgovernor arranged to govern the speed of the engine and to act upon saidfluid coupling device to cause a slip Whenever the speed of the driven,mech anism becomes too great. '1 44. An internal combustion engine,mechanism arrangedto be driven therebyf'a fuel supply for the engine,-athrottle valve for controlling saidsupply, a fluid pressure ac tu'atorfor moving said throttle "valve, step by step. tocontrol the speed ofthe engine,

a fluid coupling device between the engine and said mechanism, amanually operated,

, device for controlling said actuator and said of the engine and to actupon the flnid upon said throttle valve to govern the speed couplingdevice to release said device when;

ever the speed of the driven mechanism comes too great.

45. A reversible internal combustion en gine, mechanisms for startingthe engine in.

either direction and for controlling the speed 1 and power thereof, afluid pressure supply, a single manually operated valve having aplurality of ports, andpipe connections'betweensaid starting andcontrolling n; h

ani'sms and said ports whereby the'control of the engine may be effectedfrom said I Valve. r

46. An internal combustion engine, a mem ber arranged to be driventhereby, a fluid pressure transmission device operatively connectingsaid engine and driven member; mechanisms for controlling the action ofsaid engine and for controlling saidtransmission device, a fluidpressure supply, a

manually operated valve at a point removed from the engine, said valvehaving a. plurality of ports, and pipe connections between saidmechanisms and said portswhereby the cpntrol of the engine and theconnecting mechanism maybe effected from said valve; l 47, An internalcombustion engine, a sparking mechanism therefor, mechanical means forautomatically actuating said sparking mechanism in one direction,fluidjpressure means for actuating said sparking'm gh.

be i

anism' in the opposite direction, and a manually operated valve, forcontrolling fluid pressure for actuating said, fluid pressure means. I48. An internal combustion engine arranged to run in either direction, asparking mechanism therefor, mechanical means for automaticallycenteringsaid sparking 1nechanism, and .manually controlled fluid pres sure meansfor shifting said sparking mech anismin one direction or the other.

49. An internal combustion engine ari ran ed to run in either direction,a sparking mechanism therefor, mechanical means for automaticallycentering said sparking mechanism, fluid pressure actuating means forshifting saidsparking mechanism in one di- I rection or the other, and amanually. operated valve having ports for connecting and disconnectingthefluid pressure to and from said actuating'mechanism.

50. An internal combustion engine, a fuel supply therefor, a singlecontrolling device situated vat a distance from the engine, a

fluid pressure supply controlled thereby arranged to control the actionof the engine in both directions of rotation, a sparking mechanism forthe engine, a circuit there i for, and means in said controlling devicefor connecting and disconnectipg the circuit-for said sparkingmechanism.

51. An internal combustipn engine, a fuel supplytherefor, avalve fdrcontrolling the fuelsupply, a centrifugal gpvernor and fluidpressureactuateduncans arranged. to conjunctively move said valve, and a manualdevice for controlling the fluid pressure means. 1

. I '52. An internal combustion engphe arply therefor, a valve forcontrollin ranged .to run in either direction, a flucl supf/the fuelsupply, a centrifugal governor aryanged to automatically control saidvalve, ad a manually controlled fiuid pressur actuated mechanismconnected With said valve arname to this specification in the ranged tocontrol the speed of'the engine in conjunction With said centrifugalgov- 53. An internal combustion engine, a fuel supply therefor, avalvefor controlling the fuel supply, a centrifugal governor andadeviceactuated in one direction by fluid pressure arranged to'conjunctivelycontrol said valve, and mechanical meansffor mgving the fluid pressuredevice in the other direction. I

54:. An internal combustion engine, aniemher arranged to be driventhereby, mean'sflfor liquid actuated clutch for connecting said memberwitli the engine, a centrifugal governor arranged to control the speedof the engine and to actuate said clutch when the i engine reaches acertain predetermined speed,

and a means for controlling the engine and the governor.

' 56. An internal combustion engine, a fuel supply therefor, a valve forcontrolling said fuel supply, a fluid pressure controlling system'forthe engine, comprising a single manually operated valve, and an actuatorfor moving'said valve in a-plurality of steps for controlling theadmission of said fuel supply to the engine.

lntestimony whereof I have signed my tWo subscribing Witnesses.

CHARLES o. PEARSON.

Witnesses: ,j I I ERNEST MARSHA L, ELLA Tron.

presence of-

